The former player: 'I hoped to continue my rugby career'
Important note: This piece includes descriptions of racially offensive language and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby led his career to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to retire because of what happened," he explained to reporters.
"I wanted to carry on competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news emerged that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the fate and accept that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has placed significant focus on inclusion and diversity in rugby union and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a culture of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its success tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the filming of the film, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to reach children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I talk about it hopefully the more confident others will become about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the horns and continue bearing this flag and continue supporting this responsibility and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that the sport has the ability to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022